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Copyright © 2022, Columbia University Press. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. A cultured pearl is made by inserting a small bead inside the oyster the irritation causes the oyster to deposit pearly material upon the bead, leading to the formation of a pearl. Imitation pearls are glass or plastic beads coated with a preparation made from fish scales. Paste (glass) gems usually contain lead and are consequently very soft they soon lose their brilliance and color. To qualify as a gem, the specimen should. Most are minerals and are cut from naturally occurring crystals. Triplets generally consist of a layer of paste between two genuine stones of poor color. There are over two hundred recognised gemstones. Doublets are made by combining a crown, or upper part, which is a thin slice of either the true stone or some inferior but hard gem, with a lower part of the true stone, a substitute stone, colored glass, or colored paste. Synthetic stones may sometimes be detected by the presence of air bubbles, which, when numerous, cause a cloudy appearance by having curved rather than straight striae and by their unnatural color. Color changes are produced in diamonds by exposing them to radioactive bombardment. Diamonds of gem quality have also been manufactured. Among the synthetic gems produced commercially are rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and spinels. Synthetic stones are made in the laboratory of the same chemical elements as natural stones. The organic gems are pearl, amber, coral, and jet of these, pearl is usually counted as a precious stone.Īrtificial and imitation gems are of various kinds.

The chief semiprecious stones are aquamarine, amethyst, topaz, garnet, tourmaline, spinel, peridot (see olivine), zircon (see zirconium), chrysoberyl, quartz, opal, turquoise, moonstone, and jade. You can see a bit of this face in the more recent S-Type (not to mention the Jagcedes-snouted Kia Amanti).The precious stones are diamond some forms of corundum ( ruby, sapphire, Oriental emerald, Oriental topaz, and Oriental amethyst) and emerald.

These cars are worth decent money in good condition, but this one would need the application of tens of thousands of dollars to be worth … tens of thousands of dollars.Īs someone who daily-drove an MGB for a few years, the sight of all this Lucas electrical hardware makes me sweat a little. I suspect that this car was bought by a Denver-area Jaguar enthusiast for parts, decades back, and then was used for outdoor storage of components for future projects. The 4.2-liter version of this engine used in the Mark X got three carbs. The S-Type of 1965 got this sophisticated DOHC straight-six of 3.8 liters' displacement, rated at 220 horsepower.Īs you'd expect, someone grabbed the pair of SU sidedraft carburettors before I got here, perhaps before the car even arrived at this place. GM's swankiest S-Type-sized offering, the Buick Skylark, cost a mere $2,552 ($24,235 today) and had a notable lack of real wood inside.Īctually, that Skylark with the optional 300-cubic-inch (5.0-liter) "Wildcat 355" V8 would have been a lot quicker than the S-Type, at least in a straight line, and your friendly Buick dealer probably could have arranged to have the hot-rod 401 (and its 325 horses) out of the Gran Sport coupe stuffed into a new Skylark sedan. The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that Amethyst would prevent the invigorating powers of Bacchus and. If you like magic, specifically the magic of science, you will like Alexandrite, the color-change. This car was about the same size as a typical Detroit midsize sedan of the day, but far more expensive and much more prestigious. List of 24 Gemstones with Names, Pictures, and Colors 1. Yes, those inboard disc brakes were just as much a nightmare to work on as you'd think, but they reduced unsprung weight and improved the handling and ride. The base Mk2 and its old-timey solid rear axle remained available in 1965, with a sticker price of $5,419 (about $51,460 in 2022 dollars), while the S-Type cost $5,933 (around $56,340 now). The feature that set the S-Type apart from the ordinary Mk2 was this independent rear suspension, based on the one used in the bigger and costlier Jaguar Mark X. Here's a rough but recognizable '65 S-Type 3.8, found in a Denver-area wrecking yard recently. The S-Type (yes, the Leaper-badged Lincoln LS sibling built by Ford around the turn of the century took its name from this car) was an upgraded version of the original Mark 2, sold here for the 1964 through 1968 model years. Before the XJ, however, there was the Mark 2, and that powerful and stylish midsize saloon sold fairly well here during the 1960s. The first Jaguar XJs appeared on American roads in late 1968, and decades of production made it the iconic Jaguar sedan most familiar to us today.